Nickel induced histopathological changes in the different tissues of freshwater fish, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes).

Nickel chloride, heavy metal widely used in industries was investigated in the present study for histopathological studies in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Fish were exposed for 10, 20 and 30 days in sublethal concentration of nickel 5.7 mg/l. The histopathological changes were studied in the gill, liver, intestine and kidney of the nickel treated freshwater fish H. molitrix. The nickel showed a tissue specific alteration in the tissues. Mucus proliferation, fusion of the gill lamellae and hypertrophy of gill tissues were observed. Lack of normal palisade arrangement was followed by necrosis in hepatocytes. Degeneration of blood vessels, vacuolation, hypertrophy, pyknotic nuclei and lesion were observed in liver tissues. Degeneration of tubular cells, hyperplasia was observed in kidney tissues.

Zinc induced histological changes in brain and liver of Labeo rohita (Ham.).

Labeo rohita fingerlings were exposed to zinc metal toxicity (5 and 10 ppm) for duration of 5 and 15 days. The histological changes were studied in brain and liver of the treated fish. The brain tissues showed enlarged pyramidal cells with extensive vacoulation while severe necrosis, haemorrhage and degeneration of hepatocytes were witnessed in the liver tissues.

Tomato and garlic by gavage modulate 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice

Chemoprotection by dietary agents is a promising strategy for cancer prevention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combined effect of tomato and garlic against 7,12-dimethylbenz- [a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced genetic damage and oxidative stress in 12-14-week-old male Swiss albino mice. The animals were randomized into experimental and control groups and divided into eight groups of five animals each. Group 1 animals were injected intraperitoneally with 35 mg/kg body weight DMBA suspended in peanut oil as a single dose. Groups 2-4 animals received tomato (500 mg/kg body weight), garlic (125 mg/kg body weight) and a combination of tomato and garlic for 5 days by gavage, respectively, followed by DMBA 1.5 h after the final feeding. The doses of tomato and garlic correspond to the average human daily consumption. Animals in groups 5, 6 and 7 received tomato alone, garlic alone and tomato + garlic combination, respectively, for 5 days. Group 8 animals received the same volume of water and served as control. The incidence of bone marrow micronuclei and the extent of lipid peroxidation and the concentrations of antioxidants glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase were measured in the liver, 48 h after DMBA exposure. Increased frequency of micronuclei and enhanced lipid peroxidation accompanied by compromised antioxidant defenses were observed in DMBA-treated animals. Although pretreatment with tomato or garlic significantly reduced the frequency of DMBA-induced bone marrow micronuclei, the combination of tomato and garlic exhibited more profound effect in inhibiting DMBA-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress. We suggest that a broad spectrum of antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects can be achieved through an effective combination of functional foods such as tomato and garlic.